Sensors
Sensors measure physical quantities and convert them into digital representations, which are then used by intelligent devices or humans for decision-making. They offer a wide spectrum of rich and diverse measurement data with greater precision than human senses.
Sensors can be embedded in physical objects connected to the Internet, allowing them to interpret their environment and make intelligent decisions. This has led to the development of IoT and a new paradigm of business intelligence.
Actuators
Actuators and sensors are complementary devices that sense and measure physical variables. Sensors convert these measurements into electric signals or digital representations, which can be consumed by intelligent agents. Actuators receive control signals that trigger physical effects, such as motion or force.
The human senses and IoT sensors share a parallel, with the brain signaling motor function and movement, and the nervous system processing it. The interaction between sensors, actuators, and processors, similar to biological systems, forms the basis for various technical fields like robotics and biometrics.
Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)
MEMSs are a small, low-cost, and highly integrated technology that integrates electric and mechanical elements into small, handheld devices. This technology is widely used in IoT applications, such as inkjet printers, smartphones, and automobiles. MEMS devices are embedded in everyday objects, making them a crucial characteristic of IoT.
As IoT continues to grow, MEMS technology and manufacturing will become more widespread across all industries and verticals, making them an attractive option for various IoT applications.
Smart Objects
Smart objects are the foundation of IoT, transforming everyday objects into intelligent networks that interact with their environment. The real power of smart objects lies in their networked nature, allowing for sophisticated correlation and interaction between disparate objects.
For example, smart farming sensors can coordinate with actuators to trigger irrigation systems, fertilization, pest control, and even calculate crop yield potential. This complete system unlocks the power of IoT and provides intelligent automation.
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